Split-times Cafe by Philippe Rahm (2007)

So why focus environmental research on the pineal gland? Because despite the size and higher functioning of the neocortex, all cognitive responses to the built environment are initiated in the reptilian brain or brainstem, regulating instinctual functions essential for survival. The true function of the pineal gland has been contemplated for millenia; the Ancient Greeks believed it connect us to the Realms of Thought, Descartes coined it the Seat of the Soul. Studies now confirm that light and dark cycles trigger impulses from a region inside the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to the photosensitive pineal gland, inhibiting the production of melatonin. When light no longer stimulates the hypothalamus at night, pineal suppression ceases and melatonin is released. These processes have led some to suggest that melatonin may provide the trigger for psychedelic cognition:

‘The pineal gland is a chemical production factory, either producing melatonin or serotonin depending on the presence of absence of light. In this process, light source information is relayed from the eyes via the optic nerves and results in the activation of synthesizers that either produces melatonin in the absence of light or serotonin in the presence of light, becoming the brains largest producer of serotonin.’

In collaboration with the Centre for Chronobiology, Philippe Rahm (above) is one of the few architects exploring the potential of spatial media (coloured light, deionizing air filters) to manipulate circadian rhythm. It remains to be seen whether such art projects can cross over into the mainstream, inspiring architects to employ similar approaches to realtime situations.

Callaway, J (1988).Proposed Mechanism for the Visions of Dream Sleep. Medical Hypotheses. 26, 119-124.